颅脊交界区结核的治疗研究

目的探讨颅脊交界区结核的治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾分析 2010 年 7 月—2019 年 1 月收治的 18 例颅脊交界区结核患者临床资料。其中男 14 例，女 4 例；年龄 1 岁 9 个月～75 岁，中位年龄 35 岁。病程 2 周～60 个月，中位病程 4 个月。结核累及节段 C₀～C₃。疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）为（6.7±1.5）分，日本骨科协会（JOA）评分为（16.1±1.8）分。神经功能根据美国脊髓损伤学会（ASIA）分级：D 级 6 例、E 级 12 例。其中保守治疗 4 例；经口咽入路病灶清除 1 例，经颈后入路病灶清除 1 例，经颈后入路（寰枢或枕颈）融合内固定后一期行经口咽入路病灶清除 12 例。治疗后采用 VAS 评分、ASIA 分级及 JOA 评分进行评价，定期复查 X 线片和 CT、MRI，评估结核病灶复发、颈椎稳定性和骨愈合情况。 结果18 例患者均获随访，随访时间 3～42 个月，中位时间 12 个月。治疗后 3 个月 VAS 评分为（1.7±1.0）分，与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（t=15.000，P=0.000）；JOA 评分为（16.7±1.0）分，与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（t=1.317，P=0.205）。6 例治疗前 ASIA 分级为 D 级者改善为 E 级，其余 E 级患者无变化。影像学复查示颈椎稳定性良好，结核病灶切除彻底、未见复发，行颈后入路内固定者寰枢或枕颈间达到骨性融合。 结论在正规抗结核治疗基础上，如患者无巨大脓肿引起的吞咽或呼吸困难以及寰枢椎不稳及神经症状等，可行保守治疗；反之，则需经口咽入路手术，彻底切除颅脊交界区结核病灶，一期联合颈后入路融合内固定术，能达到较好疗效。     

肝细胞癌肝移植供肝选择策略

供肝数量不足是制约肝移植发展的主要因素,更是制约肝细胞癌肝移植治疗的突出因素。既往对肝细胞癌肝移植的研究多集中在受者选择标准、降期治疗、免疫抑制方案等方面,近年来研究发现供肝的选择对肝细胞癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发也有显著影响。笔者从临床供肝的主要类型、肝细胞癌肝移植适应证的把握、适应证内肝细胞癌肝移植和超适应证肝细胞癌肝移植的供肝选择以及供肝选择对肝细胞癌肝移植预后的影响进行深入探讨。     

南星骨痛凝胶贴膏对兔膝骨关节炎关节形态及血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1表达的影响

目的观察南星骨痛凝胶贴膏对兔膝骨关节炎关节形态及血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1表达的影响,探讨南星骨痛凝胶贴膏治疗兔膝骨关节炎可能的作用机制。方法 18只健康6月龄新西兰兔随机分成3组:空白组(A组)、模型组(B组)、骨痛膏治疗组(C组). BC组用3%木瓜蛋白酶关节腔内注射造模后C组给予南星骨痛凝胶贴膏外敷,给药4周后,用Aloka Latheta LCT-200观察兔膝骨关节影像学改变、用ELISA法检测血清IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13、TIMP-1含量。结果 C组兔膝关节病变程度较B组轻,C组兔血清中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-13含量较B组降低(P<0. 05),TIMP-1含量较B组升高(P <0. 05)。结论南星骨痛凝胶贴膏能减轻兔膝关节骨关节炎病变程度,对关节软骨有保护作用,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症因子IL-1、TNF-α及MMP-13表达,增加TIMP-1表达有关。     

CT测量成人寰枢椎后方部分结构数据设计寰枢椎板间融合器

文题释义： 寰枢椎脱位：可分为可复性、难复性和不可复性脱位3种类型，其可导致C_1/2水平脊髓压迫而造成神经功能障碍症状，临床上多需要进行手术治疗，后路钉棒固定融合术是最常用的手术方式。 寰枢椎板间融合器：与寰枢椎侧块关节融合器不同，其直接固定在寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板骨面上，是一种新型融合器，此融合器可配合广泛使用的后路钉棒内固定手术，置入简便，增加植骨与寰椎后弓及枢椎椎板骨面的接触应力，促进骨性融合。 背景：寰枢椎融合器一直以侧块关节融合器为研究热点，但其置入操作风险过大，目前临床上一直缺乏可广泛应用的寰枢椎融合器。 目的：探究成人后路寰枢椎板间融合器的CT影像解剖学可行性并给出初步设计。 方法：对100例成人(男50例，女50例)寰枢椎CT三维成像进行测量，测量指标包括寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度、枢椎椎板厚度、寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离，分析寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量数据并设计寰枢椎板间融合器。 结果与结论：①男、女性的寰椎单侧后弓长度分别为(23.41±1.48) mm和(22.23±1.25) mm，寰椎后弓厚度分别为(6.00±0.96) mm和(5.28±0.78) mm，枢椎单侧椎板长度分别为(18.54±2.23 )mm和(17.31±0.91) mm，枢椎椎板厚度分别为(5.12±1.31) mm和(4.98±1.26) mm，寰椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离分别为(32.63±2.76) mm和(31.39±4.04) mm；②不同性别的双侧测量数据差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；男性的寰椎单侧后弓长度、寰椎后弓厚度、枢椎单侧椎板长度大于女性，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)；男性与女性的枢椎椎板厚度、椎后弓上缘至枢椎椎板下缘距离差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③寰枢椎后方部分结构的CT测量结果提示寰枢椎板间融合器是可行的；④寰枢椎板间融合器初步设计成功，并获得国家专利；⑤提示寰枢椎板间融合器具有应用可行性，可用于寰枢椎后路钉棒固定融合过程中，提升寰枢椎间的植骨融合率。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2101-1900(邹小宝)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

Changes in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Youth Undergoing Pubertal Suppression: A Pilot Study

Pubertal suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) youth may affect acquisition of peak bone mass. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has an inverse relationship with bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate the effect of pubertal suppression on BMAT, in this pilot study we prospectively studied TGNC youth undergoing pubertal suppression and cisgender control participants with similar pubertal status over a 12-month period. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Magnetic Resonance T1 relaxometry (T1-R) and spectroscopy (MRS) were performed to quantify BMAT at the distal femur. We compared the change in BMD, T1-R values, and MRS lipid indices between the two groups. Six TGNC (two assigned female and four assigned male at birth) and three female control participants (mean age 10.9 and 11.7 years, respectively) were enrolled. The mean lumbar spine BMD Z-score declined by 0.29 in the TGNC group, but increased by 0.48 in controls (between-group difference 0.77, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.45). Similar findings were observed with the change in trabecular volumetric BMD at the 3% tibia site (-4.1% in TGNC, +3.2% in controls, between-group difference 7.3%, 95% CI: 0.5%-14%). Distal femur T1 values declined (indicative of increased BMAT) by 7.9% in the TGNC group, but increased by 2.1% in controls (between-group difference 10%, 95% CI: -12.7%, 32.6%). Marrow lipid fraction by MRS increased by 8.4% in the TGNC group, but declined by 0.1% in controls (between-group difference 8.5%, 95% CI: -50.2%, 33.0%). In conclusion, we observed lower bone mass acquisition and greater increases in BMAT indices by MRI and MRS in TGNC youth after 12 months of GnRH agonists compared with control participants. Early changes in BMAT may underlie an alteration in bone mass acquisition with pubertal suppression, including alterations in mesenchymal stem cells within marrow.     

Does immobilization of the shoulder in different positions affect gait?

BackgroundThe shoulder joint is immobilized in various positions after injury or reconstructive operative intervention. It is not clear how these immobilization positions in the shoulder joint affect gait.Research questionDoes the immobilized shoulder joint in different positions following shoulder surgery or injury affect gait?MethodsA total of 38 healthy individuals with a mean age of 25.94 years and BMI of 25.66 kg/m², underwent gait analysis in 4 different immobilized positions and normal gait. Gait parameters were evaluated using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and to determine symmetry, the bilateral spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated using the Symmetry Index. Repeated-measures one way analysis of variance was used to compare the walking parameters in different positions.ResultsVelocity, step length and stride length were significantly decreased, and step width and single support time were increased in some immobilized positions (p < 0.05). Differences in asymmetry were determined in the gait parameters of the immobilized positions but not significantly. When the shoulder was immobilized in abduction, step width asymmetry tended to increase but it was not significant.SignificanceThis cross-sectional simulation study may be important in demonstrating the clinical changes of gait in injuries, pathologies, and postoperative rehabilitation that require the immobilization of the shoulder joint. It could be recommended that arm swing is included in gait rehabilitation, gait and balance training can be provided to patients after shoulder immobilization.     

类风湿性关节炎患者血清RA-CP，抗CCP 抗体及RF 检测对RA 的实验诊断意义

目的　分析不同血清类型的类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者血清中的类风湿性关节炎特异性抗原瓜氨酸化蛋白（RACP） 的水平，比较RA-CP 与抗环瓜氨酸多肽（CCP）抗体、类风湿因子（RF）在RA 诊断中的价值。方法　用酶联免疫 吸附法（ELISA）检测103 例RA 患者、71 例其他风湿病患者、105 例健康体检者血清中RA-CP，抗CCP 抗体和RF 的 水平。根据抗CCP 抗体和RF 测定结果将RA 患者分为4 种血清类型:抗CCP 抗体阳性/RF 阳性的RA、抗CCP 抗体 阳性/RF 阴性的RA、抗CCP 抗体阴性/RF 阳性的RA、抗CCP 抗体阴性/RF 阴性的RA，分析各种血清类型RA 患者 血清中RA-CP 的水平。结果　RA 组的血清中RA-CP 浓度水平中位数为4.51（1.80~7.49）单位，高于其他疾病组的0.53 （0.40~0.76）单位和健康对照组的0.52（0.35~0.69）单位。RA-CP，抗CCP 抗体和RF 对RA 的敏感度分别为77.7%， 65.0% 和69.9%，RA-CP 对RA 的敏感度高于抗CCP 抗体和RF（P ＜ 0.05）；特异度分别为95.5%，97.2% 和89.2%。在 4 种血清型的RA 中RA-CP 的检出率分别为100.0%（57/57），40.0%（4/10），100.0%（15/15）和19.0%（4/21）。在抗 CCP 抗体阴性的RA 中RA-CP 的检出率为52.8%（19/36）。结论　血清中RA-CP 对RA 的诊断比抗CCP 抗体和RF 具有 更高的敏感度，可提高类风湿性关节炎的检出率。因此RA-CP 可作为RA 临床诊断的新辅助指标。